Oasg^X  V^  A.^ljrr 


-XA-'**^ 


Publications 


OF 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL 
HISTORY 


ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES 


Volume  X 


u  1:5:54 

Chicago,  U.  S.  A. 
1909  - 1923 


7/ 
,5 


NEW  SPECIES  OF  FISHES  FROM  PANAMA.* 


BY   SETH    E.    MEEK   AND   SAMUEL   F.    HILDEBRAND. 


The  fishes  described  in  the  following  pages  were  collected  by  the 
authors  in  the  fresh  waters  of  Panama,  while  engaged  in  field  work  on 
the  Biological  Survey  of  the  Canal  Zone;  the  ichthyological  work  of 
which  is  being  conducted  cooperatively  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
the  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  and  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries. 
A  complete  account  of  all  the  fishes  collected  during  the  past  two  years 
on  this  survey  is  in  the  course  of  preparation. 

Family  SILURID^. 

Felichthys  amblops  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7576,  F.  M.  N.  H. ;  length  1 1 1  mm. ;  Rio  Tuyra,  Marriganti, 
Panama. 

Head  3.8  to  4.2;  depth  4.4  to  4.8;  D.  I,  5;  A.  15  to  17. 

Body  elongate,  rather  robust  anteriorly;  head  short,  bluntish;  jaws 
sub-equal;  width  of  head  i.o  to  1.2  in  its  length,  its  depth  1.2  to  1.5; 
width  of  mouth  1.7  to  2.0  in  head;  eye  4.0  to  4.3;  interorbital  1.4  to  1.6; 
dorsal  fin  nearer  tip  of  snout  than  adipose  fin,  its  distance  from  tip  of 
snout  2.8  to  3.0  in  body;  last  dorsal  ray  to  adipose  fin  2.7  to  3.1;  dorsal 
spine  rugose  on  anterior  margin,  smooth  behind,  its  length  1.3  to  1.6  in 
head;  pectoral  spine  strong,  rough  on  outer  margin,  the  inner  with 
strong  retrorse  teeth,  its  tip  nearly  reaching  ventrals,  its  length  .9  to 
1.2  in  head;  ventrals  1.7  to  2.0  in  head;  caudal  fin  forked. 

Color  dark  above,  lighter  below,  top  of  head  marbled  with  black; 
a  dark  blotch  on  shoulder  extending  a  short  distance  on  side. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Megalonema  punctatum  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7577,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  142  mm.;  Rio  Tuyra,  Boca  de 
Cupe,  Panama. 

Head  3.80;  depth  5.35;  D.  I,  6;  A.  10. 

77 

♦Issued  March  3,  1913. 


78    Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  —  Zoology,  Vol,  X. 

Body  elongate,  the  dorsal  region  elevated;  profile  slightly  convex; 
mouth  sub-inferior,  5^  of  band  of  premaxillar>''  teeth  exposed;  band  of 
teeth  in  lower  jaw  about  >^  width  of  the  premaxillary  band;  maxillary 
barbels  reaching  end  of  shortest  caudal  rays;  eye  4.15  in  head;  snout 
2.30;  interorbital  3.86;  dorsal  rather  high,  its  spine  1.20  in  head;  first 
dorsal  ray  1.04;  last  dorsal  ray  2.82;  longest  dorsal  ray  not  reaching 
adipose  fin;  depth  at  origin  of  adipose  fin  2.04  in  head;  depth  of  caudal 
pedimcle  5.50;  base  of  adipose  fin  1.41  in  head;  pectoral  spine  slightly 
roughened  on  outer  margin,  its  inner  margin  with  24  rather  strong 
retrorse  teeth,  its  length  1.28  in  head;  humeral  process  scarcely  reaching 
middle  of  pectoral  spine,  its  length  2.47  in  head;  caudal  fin  deeply 
forked. 

Color  light  silver}'  below,  darker  above;  sides  and  top  of  head  with 
many  small  black  spots. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

riegalonema  robustum  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7578,  F.  M.  N.  H. ;  length  290  mm. ;  Rio  Tuyra,  Marriganti, 
Panama. 

Head  3.8;  depth  4.4;  D.  I,  6;  A.  10. 

Body  elongate,  robust,  profile  nearly  straight;  dorsal  region  ele- 
vated; mouth  sub-inferior,  about  half  of  band  of  premaxillary  teeth 
exposed;  band  of  teeth  of  lower  jaw  nearly  as  ^\'ide  as  premaxillan,'  band; 
maxillar}'  barbels  reaching  to  or  sHghtly  past  middle  of  adipose  fin;  eye 
5.0  to  5.6  in  head;  snout  2.3;  interorbital  3.0  to  3.4;  dorsal  fin  rather 
high,  its  spine  i.i  to  1.2  in  head;  first  dorsal  ray  .9  to  i.i ;  last  dorsal  ray 
2.8;  longest  dorsal  ray  not  reaching  adipose  fin;  base  of  adipose  fin  1.2 
in  head;  depth  at  origin  of  adipose  fin  1.5  in  head;  depth  of  caudal 
pedimcle  3.1  to  3.2;  pectoral  spine  roughened  on  outer  margin,  the 
inner  vi4th  32  rather  small  retrorse  teeth,  its  length  i.i  in  head;  himieral 
process  2.3  in  head,  not  reaching  middle  of  pectoral  spine. 

Color  dark  olivaceous  above,  silvery  below;  sides  and  head  without 
spots. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Family  PYGIDIID^. 

Pygidium  striatum  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7579,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  84  mm.;  Rio  Cana,  Cana, 
Panama. 

Head  5.3  to  6.3;  depth  7.4  to  8.2;  D.  8;  A.  6. 


March,  1913-     Fishes  from  Panama — Meek  and  Hildebr and.       79 

Body  elongate,  compressed;  top  of  head  flat;  width  of  head  1.2  to 
1.7  in  its  length;  interorbital  3.6  to  4.5  in  head;  eye  7.5  to  9.3;  snout 
2.2  to  2.5;  gill  openings  extending  forward  nearly  to  opposite  eye; 
pectorals  short,  the  first  ray  slightly  produced,  its  length  i.o  to  1.3  in 
head;  maxillary  barbels  reaching  to  base  of  pectorals;  origin  of  dorsal 
over  or  slightly  behind  tips  of  ventrals;  origin  of  ventrals  midway  be- 
tween tip  of  snout  and  tip  of  caudal;  origin  of  dorsal  in  advance  of  anal, 
its  last  ray  over  middle  of  anal;  length  of  caudal  peduncle  i.i  to  1.4  in 
head,  its  depth  1.6  to  1.7;  caudal  fin  truncate  to  slightly  rounded. 

Color  light  olive,  a  dark  band  from  upper  angle  of  opercle  to  middle 
of  base  of  caudal,  above  this  a  second  similar  band;  back  with  black 
spots,  each  about  twice  diameter  of  eye;  similar  spots  sometimes  on 
lower  part  of  sides,  these  most  numerous  on  the  largest  specimens; 
occasionally  portions  of  the  lateral  bands  are  more  or  less  broken  up 
into  spots  and  blotches. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Family  LORICARIID^. 

Ancistrus  planiceps  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7580,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  198  mm.;  Rio  Tuyra,  Boca  de 
Cupe,  Panama. 

Head  2.7  to  2.8;  depth  6.2  to  6.6;  D.  I,  8;  A.  I,  3;  lateral  scutes  24  to 
26. 

Body  depressed  anteriorly,  rounded  to  compressed  posteriorly; 
width  of  head  1.2  to  1.3  in  its  length;  depth  of  head  2.4;  eye  7.4  to  8.5; 
interorbital  2.3  to  2.4;  mandibular  ramus  6.5  to  8.0;  snout  1.6  to  1.8  in 
head;  head  without  ridges,  the  median  portion  of  the  snout  elevated; 
sides  of  snout  margined  with  bristles;  interoperculum  movable,  armed 
with  about  28  spines,  capable  of  being  everted  and  nearly  concealed 
under  edge  of  operculum,  the  longest  spine  3.5  to  4.2  in  head;  scutes 
spinulose,  not  carinated;  6  scutes  between  dorsal  and  adipose  fins,  11 
between  anal  and  caudal;  supraoccipital  scute  bordered  by  median 
scute  and  2  lateral  ones ;  lower  surface  of  head  and  abdomen  naked ;  first 
dorsal  ray  i.i  to  1.4  in  head;  base  of  dorsal  1.7  to  1.8,  equalling  its 
distance  from  adipose  fin;  pectoral  spine  extending  to  distal  fourth  of 
ventral,  its  length  .9  to  i.o  in  head;  caudal  obliquely  truncate;  depth  of 
caudal  peduncle  3.6  to  4.0  in  head,  its  depth  in  its  length  3.1. 

Color  dark,  uniform,  fins  all  spotted  with  blue  to  bluish  white; 
abdomen  and  under  side  of  head  with  or  without  light  spots. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 


8o     Field  Museum  of  Natural  History — Zoology,  Vol.  X. 
Acanthicus  canensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7581,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  76  mm.;  Rio  Cana,  Cana, 
Panama. 

Head  2.7  to  2.8;  depth  6.0  to  7.0;  D.  I,  8;  scutes  22  or  23. 

Body  elongate,  depressed;  head  evenly  convex  from  snout  to  nape, 
its  width  .9  to  I.I  in  head,  its  depth  that  of  body,  2.3  to  2.6  in  head; 
eye  7.0  to  8;  interorbital  3.2  to  3.6;  snout  1.5  to  1.7;  mandibular  ramus 
3.4;  interopercular  spines  present,  not  entirely  retractile  under  opercle, 
the  longest  spine  1.5  to  2.1  in  head,  its  tip  nearly  reaching  middle  of 
pectoral  spine;  5  to  7  of  spines  of  interopercle  longest,  the  remainder, 
about  10,  very  short;  abdomen  and  under  side  of  head  naked;  first 
dorsal  ray  1.5  to  1.7  in  head;  base  of  dorsal  1.4  to  1.6  in  head;  anal  fin 
and  adipose  fin  absent;  pectoral  spine  reaching  from  about  first  fourth 
to  first  half  of  ventrals,  its  length  .9  to  1.2  in  head;  depth  of  caudal 
peduncle  2.9  to  3.2  in  head;  caudal  obliquely  truncate;  scutes  spinulose, 
not  keeled. 

Color  dark  olivaceous,  lighter  below;  all  of  the  fins  with  dark  spots 
on  rays,  these  forming  indistinct  bars;  interradial  membranes  plain. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Loricaria  capetensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7582,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  164  mm.;  Rio  Capeti,  Panama 

Head  4.7;  depth  12;  D.  7;  A.  6;  scutes  19  +  11. 

Body  elongate,  moderately  depressed,  the  dorsal  region  not  elevated ; 
width  of  head  1,4  in  its  length,  its  depth  2.6  to  2.7;  eye  6  in  head,  the 
orbital  notch  present;  interorbital  5.1  to  5.3  in  head;  snout  rounded, 
the  profile  from  interorbital  to  its  tip  straight,  its  length  1.9  in  head; 
upper  lip  with  a  fringe  of  blunt  tentacles;  the  lower  lip  broad,  papillose, 
with  marginal  fringe;  top  of  head  strigate,  a  slight  double  occipital 
keel,  the  two  portions  meeting  at  the  apex;  the  two  nuchal  plates  each 
with  a  pair  of  keels;  lateral  keels  moderately  strong,  not  completely 
united  on  posterior  part  of  the  body;  abdomen  with  2  or,  irregularly 
3  rows  of  plates  on  its  middle,  these  separated  from  the  lateral  ones 
by  a  broad  naked  strip ;  between  the  pectorals  the  median  strip  is  wider 
and  broken  up  into  several  smaller  plates;  anal  plate  in  contact  with 
3  plates,  the  anal  buckler  composed  of  about  12  plates,  first  dorsal  ray 
.9  in  head;  pectorals  reaching  to  about  first  fourth  of  ventrals,  1.2  in 
head;  ventrals  1.3;  width  at  anal  4.8  to  5.4  in  its  distance  from  base 
of  caudal ;  upper  lobe  of  caudal  greatly  produced,  its  length  in  the  type 
115  mm. 

Color  brownish,  back  with  4  or  5  cross  bands;  fins  spotted,  the  spots 


March,  1913.    Fishes  from  Panama — Meek  and  Hildebrand.      81 

confined  mostly  to  the  rays  and  forming  cross  bars,  most  numerous 
and  distinct  on  the  caudal  fin ;  a  broad  dark  bar  under  eye  and  a  narrow- 
one  on  anterior  portion  of  interorbital. 
Tuyra  River  basin. 

Loricaria  tuyrensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7583,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  350  mm.;  Rio  Tuyra,  Boca  de 
Cupe,  Panama. 

Head  4.4  to  4.7;  depth  9.5  to  11. 5;  D.  I,  7  or  8;  A.  I,  5;  scutes  20  or 
21  +  10  to  12. 

Body  elongate,  depressed;  width  of  head  1.2  to  1.3  in  its  length; 
depth  of  head  2.5;  eye  6  to  8  in  head;  interorbital  4.6  to  4.8;  snout  1.7 
to  1.8;  teeth  9  or  10  in  upper  jaw,  13  or  14  in  the  lower;  lips  with  large 
papillae,  the  upper  fringed  with  a  few  blunt  tentacles,  the  lower  broad, 
its  surface  with  papillae  and  with  fringed  margin;  top  of  head  covered 
with  short  spinules;  temporal  and  occipital  plates  each  with  one  keel; 
predorsal  plate  without  keel,  the  other  plates  between  dorsal  and  head 
each  with  a  pair  of  keels;  lateral  keels  separate  throughout  their  length; 
under  surface  of  head  naked,  the  plates  on  abdominal  area  extending 
forward  nearly  to  gill  opening ;  median  abdominal  plates  in  two  series ; 
the  abdominal  region  entirely  scaled;  anal  plate  in  contact  with  3  or 
4  plates,  anal  buckler  usually  with  12  to  14  plates;  pectoral  spines 
reaching  slightly  beyond  base  of  ventrals,  length  of  first  ray  1.2  to  1.3 
in  head;  first  dorsal  ray  .9  to  i.o  in  head;  width  of  body  at  anal  1.7  in 
head,  3.9  to  4.1  in  distance  from  anal  to  caudal;  upper  caudal  ray 
produced,  its  length  in  type  145  mm.,  more  than  half  length  of 
caudal  peduncle. 

Color  dark  brownish  above,  slightly  lighter  below;  fins  indistinctly 
spotted,  caudal  irregularly  barred,  the  spots  or  dark  markings  on  fins 
present  on  both  the  rays  and  the  interradial  membranes. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Oxyloricaria  dariensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7584,  F.  M.  N.  H;  length  245  mm.;  Rio  Tuyra,  Boca  de 
Cupe,    Panama. 

Head  4.5  to  5.0;  depth  9.0  to  10;  D.I,  7  or  8;  A.  I,  5;  scutes  15  or  16  + 
17  or  18. 

Body  elongate,  depressed,  the  dorsal  region  somewhat  elevated; 
width  of  head  1.7  to  1.9  in  its  length;  depth  of  head  2.5  to  2.7;  eye  7  to 
9  in  head,  without  orbital  notch;  interorbital  3.2  to  3.6  in  head;  snout 
depressed,  somewhat  attenuated,  its  length  1.6  to  1.7  in  head;  teeth 


82    Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  —  Zoology,  Vol.  X. 

cardiform,  about  equal  in  both  jaws;  lower  lip  broad,  papillose;  top 
of  head  smooth ;  lateral  keels  very  weak,  completely  united  posteriorly ; 
abdomen  with  3  series  of  plates  between  the  lateral  ones;  anal  plate 
in  contact  with  3  plates;  dorsal  fin  high  and  pointed,  its  first  ray  0.7  to 
0.8  in  head;  pectoral  spines  reaching  from  about  first  fourth  to  first 
half  of  ventral,  .9  to  1.2  in  head;  width  of  body  at  first  anal  ray  5.0  to 
5.8  in  length  of  caudal  peduncle;  males  with  bristles  on  sides  of  head; 
both  lobes  of  caudal  produced  into  long  filaments. 

Color  dark  brownish,  a  dark  band  on  each  side  from  snout  to  caudal, 
wider  and  better  defined  on  sides  of  head  and  body,  becoming  faint 
or  disappearing  on  caudal  portion  of  the  body;  top  of  head  with  a  few 
irregiilar  dark  streaks;  under  side  yellowish,  with  darker  median  line 
on  caudal  peduncle,  and  more  or  less  mottled  with  darker  laterally; 
first  2  or  3  rays  of  dorsal  fin  black  or  marbled  with  black,  rest  of  dorsal, 
pectorals  and  ventrals  with  black  spots,  these  usually  present  on  anal 
also;  a  black  band  on  each  lobe  of  the  caudal. 

Pacific   slope   of   eastern   Panama. 

Oxyloricaria  citurensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7585,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  194  mm.;  Rio  Cupe,  Cituro, 
Panama. 

Head  4.5  to  5.1;  depth  8  to  10. o;  D.  I,  7;  A.  I,  5;  scutes  16  or  17 
+  13  or  14. 

Body  elongate,  moderately  depressed;  depth  of  head  2.3  to  2.5  in 
its  length,  width  1.4  to  1.5;  eye  6.8  to  8.3;  interorbital  3.3  to  3.6;  snout 
rounded,  its  length  1.7  to  1.9  in  head;  teeth  cardiform,  about  equal 
in  both  jaws;  lower  lip  broad,  with  papillae;  top  of  head  smooth,  lateral 
keels  weak,  completely  united  posteriorly;  abdomen  with  6  or  8  rows 
of  plates  between  the  lateral  ones;  anal  plate  preceded  by  three  plates; 
dorsal  fin  high,  pointed,  its  first  ray  0.8  to  i.o  in  head;  pectoral  spines 
reaching  about  first  fourth  of  ventrals,  i.i  to  1.2  in  head;  ventrals  i.i  to 
1.2;  width  of  body  at  first  anal  ray  about  4.1  to  4.6  in  caudal  peduncle; 
upper  lobe  of  caudal  produced;  sides  of  head  without  bristles  or  with 
very  short  ones. 

Color  dark  grayish  brown,  top  of  head  and  body  with  faint  dark 
spots,  a  few  dark  spots  on  dorsal,  caudal  and  pectoral  fins;  under  sur- 
face   light    with    yellowish    tinge. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 


March,  1913.     Fishes  from  Panama — Meek  and  Hildebrand.      83 


Family  CYCLOPID^. 

Cyclopium  pirrense  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7586,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  130  mm.;  Rio  Cana,  Cana, 
Panama. 

Head  3.3  to  3.6;  depth  5.0  to  6.0;  D.  I,  5;  A.  I,  5. 

Body  robust,  compressed  posteriorly;  head  depressed,  broad,  its 
width  equaling  its  length;  anterior  teeth  of  upper  jaw  pointed,  those 
of  the  lower  bicuspid;  snout  1.8  to  2.0  in  head;  interorbital  3.4  to  4.1; 
origin  of  dorsal  over  ventrals,  its  distance  from  tip  of  snout  2.2  to  2.4  in 
body;  first  dorsal  ray  with  its  tip  produced,  its  length  i.i  to  1.4  in  head, 
the  tips  of  first  dorsal  rays  reaching  slightly  past  those  of  the  last  rays 
when  the  fin  is  deflexed;  pectoral  spines  produced,  their  tips  reaching 
to  or  past  middle  of  ventrals,  their  length  .7  to  .9  in  head;  ventrals 
i.o  to  1.2;  adipose  fin  long,  without  trace  of  spine;  caudal  peduncle 
deep,  1.7  to  1.9  in  head;  last  anal  ray  to  caudal  1.5  to  1.7  in  head;  caudal 
emarginate,  the  outer  rays  produced. 

Color  brownish  mottled  with  darker;  base  of  anal  and  dorsal  black; 
a  faint  black  bar  at  base  of  caudal  rays;  base  of  first  rays  of  anal  usually 
with  a  black  spot. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Family  CHARACID^. 

Parodon  dariensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7587,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  140  mm.;  Rio  Cupe,  Cituro, 
Panama. 

Head  4.4  to  4.5;  depth  4.3;  D.  I,  10;  A.  I,  8;  scales  36. 

Body  elongate,  robust,  the  dorsal  region  elevated;  mouth  inferior, 
transverse;  the  teeth  of  upper  jaw  3-3  or  4-4,  pointed  or  incisor,  their 
edges  nearly  smooth  to  finely  denticulated;  eye  4.4  to  5.0  in  head;  snout 
3.0;  interorbital  2.6;  dorsal  fin  with  its  margin  convex  or  nearly  straight, 
its  origin  about  midway  between-  tip  of  snout  and  posterior  margin  of 
adipose  fin;  snout  to  dorsal  2.1  in  body;  pectoral  broad,  of  15  rays,  its 
length  .95  in  head;  ventrals  i.i  in  head;  base  of  anal  2.8  to  3.1;  depth 
of  caudal  peduncle  1.8  to  1.9;  caudal  fin  forked. 

Color  olivaceous,  the  dorsal  region  very  dark;  sides  with  two  black 
lateral  bands,  each  as  wide  as  eye,  these  partly  broken  into  confluent 
black  spots;  dorsal  and  anal  fins  each  with  2  black  bars;  caudal  with 


84    Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  —  Zoology,  Vol.  X. 

two  oblique  black  bars  on  each  lobe;  pectorals  and  ventrals  nearly 
black  mesially. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Brycon  argenteus  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7588,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  230  mm.,  Rio  Aruza,  Aruza, 
Panama. 

Head  3.7  to  4.0;  depth  3.2  to  3.6;  D.  10;  A.  24  to  26;  scales  42  to  45. 

Body  elongate,  moderately  compressed;  the  profile  nearly  straight; 
mouth  large,  the  upper  jaw  slightly  the  longer,  margin  9f  lower  lip 
between  the  first  and  second  rows  of  premaxillary  teeth;  eye  3.2  to  3.5 
in  head;  snout  3.8  to  4.2;  maxillary  2.2  to  2.4;  maxillary  teeth  16  or  17 
on  each  side;  gill-rakers  9  +  12  or  13;  origin  of  dorsal  slightly  behind 
that  of  ventrals;  pectorals  1.5  in  head;  caudal  peduncle  2.7  to  2.9. 

Color  silvery,  darker  above;  sides  without  lines  or  bands;  a  large 
black  spot  on  caudal  peduncle  extending  on  base  of  caudal  rays. 
■    Pacific  slope  of  eastern  Panama. 

Brycon  petrosus  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7589,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  285  mm.;  Upper  Chagres. 
Panama. 

Head  3.7  to  3.9;  depth  3.5  to  3.7;  D.  9  or  10;  A.  30  to  32;  scales 
52  to  58. 

Body  elongate,  robust,  moderately  compressed;  profile  concave; 
mouth  large,  the  upper  jaw  the  longer,  the  second  row  of  teeth  at  margin 
of  lower  lip;  eye  3.6  to  4.0  in  head;  snout  3.4  to  3.6;  maxillary  reaching 
nearly  to  middle  of  eye,  its  length  2.1  to  2.3  in  head;  maxillary  teeth 
12  or  13  on  each  side;  gill -rakers  10  to  12  +  12  or  13;  origin  of  dorsal 
slightly  in  advance  of  middle  of  ventrals,  about  midway  between  base 
of  caudal  and  nostril;  pectorals  1.4  in  head;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle 
2.8  to  2.9  in  head. 

Color  uniform  silvery;  sides  without  dark  lines  or  bands;  a  large 
caudal  spot  extending  on  base  of  caudal  rays. 

Chagres  River  basin. 

Roeboides  macrolepis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7590,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  56  mm.;  Rio  Cupe,  Boca  de 
Cupe,  Panama. 

Head  4.3  to  4.4;  depth  3.4  to  3.8;  D.  I,  7  or  8;  A.  H,  49  to  54;  scales 
48. 

Body  elongate,  much  compressed ;  profile  nearly  straight ;  back  not 


March,  1913.    Fishes  from  Panama- — Meek  and  Hildebrand.      85 

much  elevated;  mouth  small,  maxillary  short,  3.2  to  3.5  in  head,  its 
tip  barely  reaching  past  front  of  eye;  jaws  with  a  single  series  of  weakly 
tricuspid  teeth,  about  9  +  9  in  each  jaw;  maxillary  with  5  pointed 
teeth;  eye  2.6  to  2.8  in  head;  snout  4.8  to  5.2;  dorsal  fin  high,  its  longest 
ray  about  equals  head;  origin  of  dorsal  behind  front  of  anal,  nearer  base 
of  caudal  than  the  tip  of  the  snout;  pectoral  i.i  to  1.2  in  head;  caudal 
peduncle  2.3  in  head;  lateral  line  developed  on  8  or  10  scales. 

Color  olivaceous,  a  broad  silvery  band;  no  spots  on  sides  or  on  base 
of  caudal. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Creagrutus  simus  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7591,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  57  mm.;  Rio  Cupe,  Cituro, 
Panama. 

Head  3.6  to  3.8;  depth  3.3  to  3.4;  D.  I,  8  or  9;  A,  II,  13  or  14;  scales 

Body  elongate,  moderately  robust;  snout  blunt,  the  lower  jaw  the 
shorter;  eye  2.5  to  2.6  in  head;  snout  3.4  to  3.7;  cheek  about  3.1 ;  maxil- 
lary nearly. to  middle  of  eye,  its  length  2.5  to  2.7  in  head;  gill-rakers 
5  +  9 ;  dorsal  over  or  slightly  behind  ventrals,  its  origin  nearer  posterior 
end  of  adipose  fin  than  tip  of  snout;  anal  short,  its  base  5.5  to  5.8  in  body; 
pectorals  1.3  in  head;  ventrals  1.6;  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2.0 
to  2.3  in  head. 

Color  olivaceous,  sides  with  broad  silvery  band;  a  humeral  spot; 
no  caudal  spot. 

This  species  differs  from  C.  notropoides  in  being  less  robust,  more 
compressed,  and  having  a  slightly  larger  eye. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Family  GYMNOTID^. 

Stdnarchus  rostratus  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7592,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  126  mm.;  Rio  Grande,  Cana, 
Panama. 

Close  to  S.  hrasiliensis  Reinhardt,  with  snout  2.66  in  head;  depth 
1.29;  depth  of  head  1.63;  depth  of  head  in  front  of  eye  3.18;  eye  9.8; 
angle  of  mouth  tmder  front  of  eye;  14  or  15  scales  between  lateral  line 
and  middle  of  back;   anal  rays    172. 

Color  uniform  brown;  a  yellow  stripe  from  snout  on  upper  part 
of  head  and  back,  disappearing  on  posterior  fourth  of  body. 


86    Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  —  Zoology,  Vol.  X. 

Family  P(ECILIID.E: 

Rivulus  brunneus  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7593,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  41  mm.;  Toro  Point,  Canal 
Zone,    Panama. 

Head  3.4  to  3.6;  depth  4.7  to  4.8;  D.  8  or  9;  A.  12  to  14;  scales  38  to 
40. 

Body  robust;  head  rather  broader  than  deep;  diameter  of  eye  3.2 
to  3.4  in  head;  origin  of  dorsal  over  posterior  third  of  anal;  last  ray 
of  anal  about  opposite  sixth  ra}^  of  dorsal;  origin  of  dorsal  to  base  of 
caudal  2.5  in  its  distance  from  eye,  about  midwaj'^  between  tip  of  caudal 
and  anterior  margin  of  opercle;  pectoral  1.4  to  1.5  in  head,  their  tips 
not  reaching  ventrals. 

Color  bro^vTiish,  sides  sHghtly  speckled  with  darker;  tip  of  anal  rays 
black;  a  black  stripe  from  tmder  side  of  caudal  peduncle  to  end  of  lower 
caudal  rays,  in  some  specimens  the  upper  caudal  rays  ^with  a  similar 
bar,  these  not  prominent  in  the  smaller  specimens;  caudal  and  dorsal 
with  few  faint  spots.  In  life  the  upper  parts  of  the  body  gra\4sh  with 
shades  of  pink;  belly  pale  wnth  shades  of  pink,  fins  all  reddish;  base 
of  caudal  and  anal  deep  red. 

Atlantic  slope  of  central  Panama. 

Gambusia  cascajalensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7594,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  55  mm.;  Rio  Cascajal,  Porto 
Bello,  Panama. 

Head  3.7  to  3.8;  depth  3.7  to  3.8;  D.  I,  6;  A.  II,  7;  scales  8-26. 

Body  elongate,  compressed;  the  dorsal  region  slightly  elevated; 
mouth  small,  the  gape  extending  about  y^  distance  to  eye;  lower  jaw 
the  longer;  the  teeth  in  both  jaws  in  several  series,  the  outer  shghtly 
enlarged;  snout  3.1  to  3.2  in  head;  eye  2.9  to  3.1;  origin  of  dorsal  over 
last  anal  rays,  its  distance  from  base  of  caudal  1.9  to  2.1  in  its  distance 
from  tip  of  snout,  about  midway  between  tip  of  caudal  fin  and  eye; 
anal  falciform,  its  anterior  ra>'^  the  longer,  their  length  about  1.2  in 
head,  their  tips  reaching  beyond  tips  of  last  rays  when  the  fin  is  deflexed; 
ventrals  reaching  nearly  to  anal;  caudal  fin  rounded;  giU-rakers  12; 
caudal  peduncle  1.8  in  head,  13  scales  before  dorsal  fin. 

Color  olivaceous;  base  of  anal  and  anterior  rays  black,  tip  of  dorsal 
rays  black;  a  broad  dark  curved  bar  at  base  of  caudal  rays,  rather  in- 
distinct in  some  specimens. 

Rio  Cascajal,  Atlantic  slope  of  Panama. 


March,  1913.     Fishes  from  Panama — Meek  and  Hildebrand.      87 
Gambusia  latipunctata  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7595,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  39  mm.;  Arrijan,  Panama. 

Head  3.8  to  3.9;  depth  3.4  to  3.6;  D.  I,  7  or  8;  A.  II,  6  or  7;  scales 
7-32.  ^ 

Body  elongate,  robust ;  dorsal  region  scarcely  elevated ;  mouth  moder- 
ate, the  gape  about  half  way  to  eye;  lower  jaw  the  longer;  teeth  in  jaws 
in  several  series,  the  outer  enlarged;  snout  3.4  to  3.9;  eye  2.7  to  3.1; 
origin  of  dorsal  over  middle  or  anterior  ^  of  anal,  its  distance  from 
base  of  caudal  1.8  in  its  distance  from  tip  of  snout,  about  midway 
between  tip  of  caudal  and  anterior  margin  of  eye;  anal  falcate,  its 
anterior  rays  0.9  to  i.i  in  head;  ventrals  scarcely  reaching  anal;  gill- 
rakers  12;  caudal  peduncle  1.6  to  1.7  in  head;  caudal  rounded,  width 
of  head  1.5  in  its  length. 

Color  olivaceous,  the  margin  of  the  scales  darker;  sides  with  10  to  15 
spots  along  the  side  (specimens  under  40  mm.), forming  a  broken  lateral 
band  in  large  specimens,  vertical  diameter  of  each  spot  about  twice  its 
horizontal  diameter;  anal  with  a  black  spot  at  base  of  rays  extending 
on  longest  rays;  dorsal  with  dark  spots  across  its  middle. 

Streams  of  the  Pacific  slope  of  Panama  in  and  near  the  Canal  Zone. 

Gambusia  cana  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7596,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  39  mm.;  Rio  Satiganti,  Cana, 
Panama. 

Head  3.9  to  4.2;  depth  3.8  to  4.0;  D.  I,  5  or  6;  A.  II,  6;  scales  8-30. 

Body  elongate,  robust ;  dorsal  region  little  elevated;  mouth  moderate, 
its  gape  nearly  half  way  to  eye;  teeth  in  several  series,  the  outer  en- 
larged; snout  3.7  to  4.0  in  head;  eye  3.0  to 3.3;  origin  of  dorsal  over  last 
rays  of  anal,  its  distance  from  base  of  caudal  1.8  to  1.9  in  its  distance 
from  tip  of  snout,  about  midway  between  tip  of  caudal  and  snout;  anal 
fin  with  the  first  rays  not  falcate,  their  tips  reaching  beyond  tips  of 
last  rays  when  fin  is  deflexed;  longest  anal  ray  i.o  to  i.i  in  head; 
ventrals  not  reaching  anal;  caudal  fin  truncate  or  slightly  rounded; 
caudal  peduncle  1.4  to  1.6  in  head;  gill -rakers  12;  17  scales  before  dorsal 
fin. 

One  male  (25  mm.)  has  head  4.25;  depth  4.10;  modified  anal  .65  in 
head,  its  tip  reaching  about  halfway  to  base  of  caudal. 

Color  9  nearly  uniform  olivaceous;  on  some  specimens  faint  traces 
of  broad  dark  bars  on  posterior  half  of  body;  margin  of  scales  dark; 
dorsal  dark  at  base;  a  black  spot  on  preanal  region,  scarcely  extending 
on  base  of  anal  fin;  males  with  a  few  faint  cross  bars  on  posterior  half 
of   sides;   sides   with   a  black   spot. 


88    Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  —  Zoology,  Vol.  X. 

In  general  appearance  this  species  resembles  G.  episcopa,  the  dorsal 
fin  is  more  posterior,  the  head  much  shorter,  and  the  dorsal  and  anal 
fins  smaller. 

Pacific  slope  of  eastern  Panama. 

Gambusia  darienensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7597,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  35  mm.;  Rio  Capeti,  Panama. 

Head  4.0  to  4.2;  depth  3.5  to  3.6;  D.  I,  6  or  7;  A.  II,  6  or  7;  scales 
8-30. 

Body  elongate;  the  dorsal  region  little  elevated;  mouth  small,  the 
gape  extending  about  }4  distance  to  eye;  teeth  in  several  series,  the 
outer  enlarged;  snout  3.7  to  3.8  in  head;  eye  3.0  to  3.2;  origin  of  dorsal 
behind  anal  fin,  its  distance  from  base  of  caudal  2.3  to  2.4  in  its  distance 
from  tip  of  snout,  about  midway  between  tip  of  caudal  and  opercle 
or  posterior  margin  of  eye;  anal  fin  with  margin  nearly  straight,  the 
tip  of  first  rays  scarcely  reaching  those  of  last  rays  when  the  fin  is  de- 
flexed;  longest  anal  rays  1.2  to  1.3  in  head;  ventrals  reaching  anal; 
caudal  fin  rounded;  caudal  peduncle  1.4  to  1.5  in  head;  gill-rakers  13; 
18  scales  before  dorsal  fin. 

One  male  (29  mm.)  has  head  3.9;  depth  4.4;  snout  3.6  in  head;  eye 
3.4;  modified  anal  .75,  its  tip  reaching  about  ^  distance  to  base  of 
caudal  fin. 

Color  ?  olivaceous,  uniform,  the  margin  of  the  scales  lighter; 
c?  with  about  20  narrow  vertical  dark  bars  on  sides  behind  pectoral 
fin,  sides  without  dark  spots,  otherwise  like  the  female. 

The  caudal  fin  is  more  rounded  on  this  species  than  in  any  of  the 
others.  It  is  especially  characterized  by  its  small  dorsal  fin  which 
is  well  posterior  of  the  anal  fin.  The  tips  of  first  rays  of  the  anal  fin 
do  not  reach  tips  of  last  rays  when  the  fin  is  deflexed. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

Family  CICHLID^. 

Cichlasoma  umbriferum  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7598,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  195  mm.;  Rio  Cupe,  Cituro, 
Panama. 

Head  2.3  to  2.6;  depth  2.4  to  2.6;  D.  XVII,  11;  A.  VI,  8;  scales  S3- 

Body  elongate,  rather  robust ;  anterior  profile  evenly  ton  vex  to  eye, 

straight  or  slightly  concave  on  snout;  lower  margin  of  upper  lip  on 

level  with  lower  portion  of  eye  and  upper  edge  of  base  of  pectoral;  jaws 


March,  1913.     Fishes  from  Panama — Meek  and  Hildebrand.      89 

subequal,  upper  jaw  with  2  anterior  canines  and  2  others  slightly  smaller 
on  each  side;  lower  jaw  with  canine  on  each  side,  between  which  the 
upper  canines  bite;  lips  well  developed,  the  margin  of  the  lower  one 
free;  mouth  large,  terminal,  the  posterior  end  of  maxillary  exposed, 
extending  slightly  past  anterior  margin  of  orbit,  its  length  2.3  to  2.6 
in  head;  eye  3.8  to  4.4;  snout  2.7  to  3.0;  preorbital  5.1  to  7.0;  postorbital 
2.4  to  2.6;  dorsal  fin  rather  low,  its  last  spine  2.5  to  3.0  in  head;  last 
anal  spine  2.7  to  2.9;  base  of  anal  fin  3.9  to  4.1  in  length  of  body;  ventral 
fins  reaching  slightly  past  origin  of  anal;  pectoral  3,7  to  3.9  in  body; 
ventral  3.3  to  3.7;  caudal  peduncle  2.6  to  2.7  in  head;  caudal  fin  rounded; 
3  rows  of  scales  between  origin  of  soft  dorsal  and  lateral  line ;  gill- 
rakers  very  short,   3  +  8. 

Color  dark  olivaceous,  wdthout  conspicuous  dark  bars  (except  in 
young  up  to  about  50  mm.) ;  a  black  lateral  band  from  eye  to  base  of 
caudal,  on  posterior  part  of  body  this  band  above  lateral  line  ending 
in  a  dark  caudal  spot;  vertical  fins  with  small  light  spots. 

Tuyra  River  basin. 

V      Cichlasoma  tuyrense  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7599,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  220  mm.;  Rio  Tuyra,  Boca  de 
Cupe,  Panama. 

Head  2.8  to  3.2;  depth  1.9  to  2.1;  D.  XVI  or  XVII,  11  or  12;  A.  VI, 
7  or  8;  scales  38. 

Body  deep,  compressed,  upper  part  of  profile  convex,  slightly  concave 
above  orbit;  lower  margin  of  upper  lip  below  orbit  and  above  base  of 
the  pectoral;  jaws  subequal,  none  of  the  teeth  enlarged,  all  pointed; 
lips  normal,  the  lower  with  a  frenum;  mouth  small,  terminal,  maxillary 
not  reaching  orbit,  its  length  3.6  to  3.9  in  head;  eye  3.3  to  4.0;  snout  2.8 
to  3.0;  preorbital  4.1  to  4.5;  postorbital  2.3  to  2.4;  dorsal  fin  rather 
high,  its  last  spine  1.9  to  2.2  in  head;  last  anal  spine  1.8  to  1.9; 
base  of  anal  3.5  to  3.7  in  body;  pectoral  reaches  front  of  anal,  3.1  to 
3.4  in  head;  ventrals  reaching  slightly  beyond  front  of  anal,  2.7  to 
3.4  in  body;  caudal  peduncle  2.1  to  2.4  in  head;  caudal  fin  rounded; 
5  rows  of  scales  between  anterior  part  of  soft  dorsal  and  lateral  line; 
gill-rakers  very  short,  2  -j-  8  on  first  gill  arch;  basal  portion  of  soft  dorsal 
and   anal   with   scales. 

Color  olivaceous,  sides  with  seven  distinct  dark  cross  bars,  the 
middle  portion  of  each  bar  a  black  blotch;  a  small  dark  spot  at  base 
of  caudal;  sides  with  dark  dots  forming  lines  along  the  rows  of  scales, 
these  becoming  larger  and  more  distinct  in  the  larger  specimens. 

Bayano    and    Tuyra    river    basins. 


90     Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  —  Zoology,  Vol.  X. 
Cichlasoma  calobrense  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7600,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  215  mm.;  Rio  Calobre,  Panama. 

Head  2.6  to  2.8;  depth  2.2  to  2.4;  D.  XVI  or  XVII,  10  or  11;  A.  VI, 
6  to  7;  scales  33. 

Body  elongate,  compressed;  profile  straight  to  slightly  convex  above, 
straight  or  slightly  concave  from  orbit  to  snout ;  lower  margin  of  upper 
lip  below  orbit  and  slightly  below  upper  edge  of  pectoral;  jaw  subequal; 
a  few  anterior  teeth  in  each  jaw  slightly  enlarged;  lips  rather  thick, 
the  lower  with  free  margin,  the  fold  broad;  mouth  large,  terminal,  the 
maxillary  reaching  nearly  to  anterior  margin  of  orbit,  its  length  2.8 
to  3.1  in  head;  eye  3.4  to  4.2;  snout  2.5  to  2.9;  preorbital  3.6  to  4.2; 
postorbital  2.5  to  2.8;  dorsal  fin  rather  high,  the' longest  spine  2.3  to 
2.5  in  head;  last  anal  spine  2.2  to  2.5;  base  of  anal  4.0  to  4.4  in  body; 
ventrals  reaching  slightly  past  front  of  anal,  3.2  to  3.6  in  body;  caudal 
peduncle  2.6  to  2.7  in  head;  caudal  fin  rounded;  2  rows  of  scales  between 
anterior  part  of  soft  dorsal  and  lateral  line;  gill-rakers  very  short,  3  +  11 
on  first  gill  arch;  soft  dorsal  and  anal  fins  with  their  middle  rays  pro- 
duced. 

Color  olivaceous,  with  6  or  7  well  defined  dark  cross  bars;  a  black 
caudal  spot  in  upper  half  at  base  of  caudal  rays ;  vertical  fins  with  light 
and  dark  spots;  sides  with  or  without  small  dark  spots. 

Bayano  and  Tuyra  river  basins. 

Neetroplus  panamensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  7601,  F.  M.  N.  H.;  length  104  mm.;  Rio  Mandingo,  Bas 
Obispo,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Head  3.0  to  s-S;  depth  2.0  to  2.2;  D.  XVI  or  XVII,  9;  A.  VI  or  VII, 
6  or  7;  scales  29. 

Body  elongate,  compressed,  robust  anteriorly;  profile  convex,  above 
becoming  nearly  straight;  margin  of  upper  jaw  below  level  of  lower 
margin  of  eye  and  just  above  upper  margin  of  base  of  the  pectoral; 
jaws  subequal;  teeth  compressed,  incisor-like;  lips  normal,  the  lower 
with  a  frenum;  mouth  terminal,  small,  the  maxillary  not  reaching  eye, 
its  length  3.4  to  3.7  in  head;  eye  t,.^,  to  3.4;  preorbital  3.7  to  4.3;  post- 
orbital  2.4  to  2.7;  snout  2.5  to  2.9;  dorsal  fin  rather  high,  longest  spine 
2.2  to  2.6  in  head;  longest  anal  spine  2.2  to  2.5;  base  of  anal  fin  3.6  to  3.8 
in  body;  pectoral  not  reaching  vent,  its  length  3.2  to  3.5  in  body;  vent- 
rals reaching  past  origin  of  anal,  2.6  to  2.9  in  body;  caudal  peduncle  1.9 
to  2.1  in  head;  caudal  fin  rounded;  2  rows  of  scales  between  first  dorsal 
ray  and  lateral  line;  gill-rakers  2  -f-  6;  scales  on  base  of  soft  dorsal  and 
anal. 


'       March,  1913.     Fishes  from  Panama — Meek  and  Hildebrand.      91 

Color  olivaceous;  sides  with  7  or  8  indistinct,  irregular,  dark  bars, 
or  indistinct  black  blotches;  a  dark  blotch  at  base  of  caudal;  vertical 
fins  without  spots. 

Chagres  River  basin. 


